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- <text id=90TT1099>
- <title>
- Apr. 30, 1990: World of Business
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Apr. 30, 1990 Vietnam 15 Years Later
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 74
- WORLD OF BUSINESS
- Trading Jabs
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Robert Ball
- </p>
- <p> The history of trade relations between the U.S. and the
- European Community is a long chronicle of pots calling kettles
- black. Each side regularly accuses the other of protectionist
- practices. Occasionally, the verbal sniping erupts into action.
- Over the years, limited trade wars have been waged over such
- items as beef, chickens, citrus products, soybeans and even
- pasta. The set-piece battles may have rattled the media but did
- no lasting damage to the landscape.
- </p>
- <p> Two events sent tensions rising again: the passage in 1988
- of the U.S. omnibus trade bill, which provided an arsenal of
- retaliatory weapons; and adoption of the E.C.'s plan to create
- a single market by 1992, which Washington fears will entrench
- a Fortress Europe behind a Siegfried Line of trade barriers.
- Alleged European discrimination against American
- telecommunications equipment is the latest U.S. cabelli; the
- E.C., for its part, accuses the U.S. of playing "war games"
- with farm legislation in the current major round of
- international trade negotiations, the so-called Uruguay Round,
- which culminates in December.
- </p>
- <p> The martial metaphors and atmosphere of antagonism are
- perhaps inevitable in any situation in which interest is set
- against interest. But they are not appropriate to the present
- state of transatlantic trade, which is one of near equilibrium
- moving toward a modest U.S. export surplus. As recently as
- 1987, in the aftermath of the overvalued dollar, the U.S. ran
- a large deficit in trade with the Community, but once the
- dollar came back to earth, that deficit dwindled, just as the
- experts said it would. Today the E.C. is no longer a factor
- contributing to the U.S. trade deficit.
- </p>
- <p> In fact, these two supposed antagonists sell each other some
- $7 billion worth of goods every month. U.S. exports are broadly
- based, not just animal feed, as some people seem to think.
- Europe is the biggest market for U.S.-made computer and
- data-processing equipment, and--surprise, surprise--General
- Motors and Chrysler together sold nearly 60,000 U.S.-built cars
- in Europe last year, and expect to sell about 80,000 this year.
- </p>
- <p> To be sure, the Community's Common Agricultural Policy is
- a costly absurdity, milking European consumers to keep marginal
- farmers on nonviable land and hurting efficient producers when
- the resulting surpluses are dumped on world markets. Yet
- despite the CAP, the Community is a net importer of foodstuffs,
- and a group of twelve countries that consistently runs a trade
- deficit with the rest of the world can hardly be described as
- fundamentally protectionist. A peek inside the global figures
- discloses that West Germany is the only E.C. country regularly
- racking up big trade surpluses within the Community and outside
- it as well. Subtract the West Germans and their world-record
- exports--more than those of the Japanese, as Chancellor Helmut
- Kohl likes to boast--and the E.C. would have a trade deficit
- of almost American dimensions.
- </p>
- <p> Hopes for businesslike treatment of U.S.-E.C. trade issues
- are encouraged by the personality and talents of the U.S. Trade
- Representative and chief negotiator, Carla Hills. She is seen
- in Europe as tough and competent but not much given to
- grandstanding or gladiatorial gestures. That is a good
- combination because Europeans bridle at the occasional American
- tendency to clothe naked commercial interest in the language
- of moral philosophy--"sanctimonious humbug," as a former
- British Trade Minister calls it.
- </p>
- <p> For the U.S. and the E.C., the principal trade problem is
- not with each other but with Japan, which continues to run huge
- surpluses in its trade with both. If trade issues must be
- expressed in military terms, one maxim of sage strategists is
- not to fight two-front wars, if they can be avoided.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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